Tests

F-Gas English Low GWP

All questions
HFC | Flammable | CO₂ | NH₃
Easy questions | Medium questions | Difficult questions

1

Medium

What process takes place in the condenser of a refrigeration system?


The refrigerant releases the heat absorbed in the compressor via the condenser
Hot refrigerant vapour is pumped from the compressor to the condenser, where it is cooled and then condensed. In this heat exchanger, the resulting liquid refrigerant is also slightly subcooled.
In the condenser, the refrigerant releases the heat absorbed in the evaporator into the surroundings.
The medium flowing through the evaporator (glycol, water) condenses, whilst the refrigerant evaporates.

2

Medium

What determines the condensation temperature of an air-cooled unit?


On the ambient temperature.
On the superheat temperature.
On the compressor and discharge temperatures
On the evaporation (boiling) temperature.

3

Medium

Is energy required when heat is transferred from the condenser to the surroundings?


Yes, but only when using HFC refrigerants.
Yes, in every case.
The heat flow balances the energy input.
No, because according to the second law of thermodynamics, thermal energy always flows from a body at a higher temperature to a body at a lower temperature.

4

Medium

What should you pay attention to during the operation of the condenser?


Pay attention to the fan’s operation and the ambient temperature.
Care should be taken to ensure that the air temperature at the condenser inlet is lower than the air temperature at the condenser outlet.
You should ensure the general maintenance of the condenser and keep the heat exchange surfaces clean.
Ensure that the air temperature at the condenser outlet is higher than the condensation temperature.

5

Medium

What criteria should be considered when selecting a suitable condenser?


These include size and the number of fans. The geometric parameters of the condenser must be taken into account.
Condensers should be selected based on your own experience, and the condenser’s geometric parameters should be taken into account.
The required capacity of the condenser and the technical specifications declared by the manufacturer must be taken into account.
First and foremost, you should consider the operating noise level of the fans, the diameter of the connection pipes and the colour scheme.

6

Medium

How do contaminants (dust, particulates, deposits) affect the performance and efficiency of heat exchange surfaces in condensers?


Contaminants increase the heat transfer area and reduce the condensing pressure.
Contaminants restrict heat transfer (reducing the heat transfer coefficient) and cause a reduction in condensing pressure.
Contaminants restrict heat transfer (reducing the heat transfer coefficient) and cause an increase in condensing temperature and pressure, which in turn leads to a reduction in the condenser’s efficiency.
Contaminants do not significantly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the heat exchange surfaces in condensers.

7

Medium

If an air-cooled condenser becomes contaminated, will the condensation efficiency?


It will decrease.
It will increase as a result of the fan speed being raised further.
It will increase.
It remains unchanged.

8

Medium

What can cause frost to form on the evaporator?


A reduction in the temperature of the cooled substance.
Frost build-up on the evaporator increases airflow resistance and, consequently, causes the fan motor to work harder.
a drop in cooling capacity.
An increase in refrigerant flow resistance and a reduction in the refrigerant flow rate through the evaporator.

9

Medium

What happens when the evaporation temperature drops?


The discharge temperature decreases.
The condenser fan speed increases.
The compressor’s cooling capacity increases.
The compressor’s cooling capacity decreases.

10

Medium

When is defrosting using the refrigerant possible?


Only when using speed-controlled fans.
Never. We use electricity for defrosting (for example, using a special electric heater).
In the case of air-cooled chillers, only when the air temperature is above 0°C.
Defrosting using the refrigerant is not possible at all.

11

Medium

When can frost form on the evaporator surface?


Frost always forms on air coolers.
Frost forms only when the refrigeration system is operating continuously.
In the case of finned evaporators.
Only in the case of air coolers, when the air temperature drops below 0°C.

12

Medium

In the case of extensive pipework systems, secondary evaporation of the refrigerant can be prevented by...


by insulating the pipes between the compressor and the condenser.
using smaller-diameter pipes.
using larger-diameter pipes.
additional cooling.

13

Medium

How does hot gas defrosting of the evaporator work?


This involves reversing the direction of rotation of the compressor.
We swap the outlet and inlet sides of the evaporator.
Heated vapour (hot gas) from the compressor is directed into the evaporator piping.
We switch on the gas heater directed at the evaporator.

14

Medium

What is the function of the evaporator in a refrigeration system?


It ensures that the refrigerant is superheated over the largest possible heat exchange surface area.
Thanks to the evaporator, the cooled medium transfers heat to the boiling refrigerant.
It evaporates the water flowing through the evaporator.
It cools the refrigerant.

15

Medium

What conditions must be met for the evaporator to be defrosted using electric heaters?


Thanks to the forced air flow created by the fans, the heat from the heaters is transferred to the heat exchanger.
The electric heaters must be positioned in direct contact with the refrigerant so that the refrigerant flowing through the evaporator is at a sufficiently high temperature.
The electric heaters must be in contact with the evaporator’s heat exchange surface (the heater must touch the fins).
The electric heaters must be positioned beneath the evaporator’s heat exchange surface.

16

Medium

Refrigerant distributor:


ensures even distribution of the refrigerant to the individual sections of the condenser.
ensures the even distribution of the refrigerant discharged by compressors connected in parallel.
ensures an even distribution of the refrigerant to the individual sections of the evaporator.
acts as a buffer for the refrigerant in the event that the pressure upstream of the expansion valve is exceeded.

17

Medium

What are the possible methods of defrosting air coolers?


Hot gas defrosting.
Electric defrosting, liquid defrosting or defrosting using hot refrigerant vapour.
Natural defrosting; there are no other effective methods.
Electric defrosting only.

18

Medium

The boiling point increases (and consequently the rate of evaporation increases) if the pressure above the liquid...


Falls.
Remains constant.
Rises.
It behaves differently depending on the ambient temperature.

19

Medium

MOP in thermostatic expansion valves stands for:


maximum pressure switch protection.
minimum flow opening.
maximum operating pressure.
self-cleaning of the valve in the event of moisture in the refrigerant freezing.

20

Medium

The function of a thermostatic expansion valve (TEV) in a refrigeration system is:


regulating the superheat of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator so that it is at the minimum value.
to consistently adjust the evaporation pressure in the condenser depending on the temperature of the refrigerant vapour leaving the condenser.
to maintain a constant suction pressure to the compressor.
to control the amount of refrigerant supplied to the evaporator depending on the superheat of the vapour leaving that heat exchanger.

21

Medium

When using a capillary tube, what type of motor can be used in the compressor?


A low-speed motor should be used.
A motor with high starting torque must be used.
A motor with low starting torque can be used.
An electronically commutated motor approved for use with the compressor should be used.

22

Medium

What does the thermostatic expansion valve regulate?


Discharge temperature.
Cooling.
The mass flow of the refrigerant injected into the evaporator.
Evaporation pressure after.

23

Medium

The refrigerant absorbs heat when...


freezes.
it evaporates.
it condenses.
sublimates

24

Medium

In the case of a thermostatic expansion valve, the manufacturer specifies...


  ...the degree to which the valve is filled with refrigerant liquid.
...the superheat value during valve operation.
…the degree of refrigerant expansion.
...the static superheat of the valve.

25

Medium

How do we charge a new or repaired system with refrigerant when it is fitted with an expansion valve


Charging with refrigerant takes place during operation via the outlet connection of the refrigerant capillary tube.
behind the condenser to the liquid refrigerant receiver.
to the suction side of the compressor.
in any way.

26

Medium

What does a thermostatic/electronic expansion valve regulate?


The evaporation pressure, closing when it falls below the setpoint temperature.
The number of revolutions of the compressor per unit of time.
The amount of refrigerant by controlling the evaporator superheat.
Condenser subcooling by adjusting the condensing pressure.

27

Medium

What does the MOP function in expansion valves mean?


This means that these expansion valves are set to prevent overheating.
This means that these expansion valves are set to a specific suction pressure.
This means that these expansion valves are set to limit subcooling.
It means that these expansion valves are set to limit the maximum operating pressure.

28

Medium

The lower the temperature of the liquid refrigerant upstream of the expansion valve,


... the higher the theoretical coefficient of cooling capacity qo will be, and the greater the cooling capacity Qo will be.
  ...the lower the theoretical coefficient of cooling efficiency qo will be, whilst the cooling capacity Qo remains unchanged.
...the lower the theoretical coefficient of cooling efficiency qo will be, and the lower the system’s energy efficiency will be.
...the lower the theoretical coefficient of refrigeration efficiency qo will be, and the lower the refrigeration capacity Qo will be.

29

Medium

The MOP point in the expansion valve, due to the maximum evaporation temperature of the refrigeration system, ...


The value of the MOP point is irrelevant.
...must be approximately 7 K higher.
...must be approximately 5 K lower.
...must be approximately 7 K lower.

30

Medium

What is the function of the suction pressure regulator?


To maintain the suction pressure at the highest possible level.
It prevents a drop in suction pressure and, if necessary, shuts down the refrigeration system.
It limits the suction pressure and protects the compressor from excessively high suction pressure.
It maintains the suction pressure at a constant level.

31

Medium

What is the function of the valve regulating water flow through the condenser?


To maintain the condensing pressure at a constant level.
To maintain the water temperature at the highest level.
To maintain the condensing pressure at the highest possible level.
To maintain the condensing pressure at the lowest possible level.

32

Medium

The use of a refrigerant distributor requires a thermostatic expansion valve …


… with an adsorption-type sensor filling.
… with a MOP function.
… with external pressure equalisation.
… with internal pressure equalisation.

33

Medium

What properties should good insulation materials have?


It must have a high thermal conductivity.
It must be able to absorb large amounts of moisture.
It must have a good antistatic coating
It must have a low thermal conductivity.

34

Medium

When do we encounter the superheated state?


This is the temperature difference between the actual vapour temperature and the vapour temperature at saturation.
It is the temperature difference between the evaporation temperature and the ambient temperature.
It is a condition in which the compressor motor temperature rises excessively.
This is a state that arises as a result of the temperature difference between the suction side and the discharge side of a compressor.

35

Medium

How can you check whether the liquid refrigerant is reaching the expansion valve without vapour bubbles?


We check this using a sight glass.
We are unable to check this.
We check using a liquid pressure gauge.
We check using a pressure gauge fitted on the discharge side of the compressor.

36

Medium

The liquid lines are located...


between the compressor and the condenser.
between the evaporator and the compressor.
between the evaporator and the regenerative heat exchanger.
between the condenser and the liquid receiver.

37

Medium

What is the function of the liquid receiver in a refrigeration system?


When an installation technician does not know the exact amount of refrigerant required, the tank serves as a safety reserve for the entire refrigeration system.
The tank is used to store and ensure an adequate supply of refrigerant in the event of fluctuations in the thermal load of the refrigeration system.
The tank is used to collect the liquid refrigerant and excess oil in the system.
The reservoir is used to further cool the liquefied refrigerant leaving the condenser.

38

Medium

What is the purpose of the liquid refrigerant reservoir?


The tank is used to further cool the liquefied refrigerant leaving the condenser.
When an installation technician does not know the exact amount of refrigerant required, the tank serves as a safety reserve for the entire refrigeration system.
The tank is used to collect the liquid refrigerant and excess oil in the system.
The tank is required during maintenance work, when there is a temporary need to store the refrigerant that has been circulating in the refrigeration system up to that point.

39

Medium

Where should the liquid receiver be installed?


It should be fitted after the evaporator.
It should be fitted between the compressor and the condenser.
It should be installed downstream of the condenser, upstream of the expansion valve.
It should be fitted just before the compressor.

40

Medium

What is the function of the suction pressure regulator fitted to the suction pipe when the compressor starts up?


It regulates the condensing pressure.
It regulates the evaporation pressure.
It closes when the suction pressure upstream of the compressor drops.
It opens when the suction pressure upstream of the compressor drops.

41

Medium

The use of microchannel heat exchangers, compared with conventional heat exchangers made of copper tubes and fins, results in:


A reduction in the system’s energy efficiency.
A reduction in the amount of refrigerant and an increase in energy efficiency.
An increase in the amount of refrigerant in the system and an increase in condensing pressure.
There is no effect whatsoever on either the amount of refrigerant or energy efficiency.

42

Medium

Which refrigerants belong to the HFC group?


R11, R12, R502.
R22, R401A.
R134a, R404A, R507A, R410A.
R134a, R32, R22, R507A, R290.

43

Medium

Which refrigerants belong to the HFO group?


R134a, R290.
R134a, R404A.
R22, R12.
R1234yf, R1234ze.

44

Medium

What are the characteristics of R410A refrigerant compared to R407C refrigerant?


The saturation pressure of both refrigerants is roughly the same.
The saturation pressure of R407C is 150% higher than that of R410A.
The saturation pressure of R407C refrigerant is much higher than that of R410A.
The saturation pressure of R410A refrigerant is higher than that of R407C.

45

Medium

What does the TEWI parameter define?


This is a parameter that quantifies the impact of refrigerants on the ozone layer.
It is the global warming potential, expressed in terms of carbon dioxide (CO₂), over a 100-year time horizon.
It is the total (global) greenhouse gas equivalent – this indicator takes into account the refrigerant’s direct capacity to contribute to the greenhouse effect and its indirect impact on it through the energy consumption (during the production of which CO₂ is generated) by the refrigeration unit in operation.
This is a parameter defining the ozone layer’s ability to recover (regenerate).

46

Medium

What are the characteristics of R452A refrigerant compared to R404A?


It is a non-flammable refrigerant, a mixture from the HFC/HFO group with thermodynamic properties similar to those of R404A and a GWP approximately 45% lower than that of R404A.
The temperature glide of R452A is half that of R404A.
It is a flammable and toxic homogeneous refrigerant from the HFC group.
Both refrigerants are homogeneous refrigerants with no temperature glide.

47

Medium

What is the distinguishing feature of R1234yf compared to R134a?


greater flammability.
A higher critical temperature.
greater toxicity.
a higher boiling point at standard pressure.

48

Medium

Compared to R134a, the refrigerant CO₂ is characterised by?


It has a lower critical temperature, higher operating pressures and greater volumetric efficiency, allowing for the use of a smaller quantity of refrigerant compared to R134a.
Unlike R134a, it is an azeotropic mixture.
It has identical thermodynamic properties and can be used as a drop-in replacement for R134a.
It has a temperature slip of 7K greater than R134a.

49

Medium

The following are not classified as fluorinated greenhouse gases:


Perfluorocarbons (PFCs).
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
Carbon dioxide (CO₂).

50

Medium

What is the greenhouse effect?


It alters the composition of the atmospheric air.
It lowers the average surface temperature of the Earth.
It causes an increase in temperature close to the Earth’s surface (up to 10 metres above the surface).
It causes the thermal radiation emitted by the Earth to be trapped in the upper atmosphere.

51

Medium

How do refrigeration systems contribute to the greenhouse effect, i.e. the rise in atmospheric temperature at the Earth’s surface?


As a result of oil being emitted into the atmosphere by the condenser and filter
Refrigeration equipment emits CO₂ both directly and indirectly.
Through the leakage of refrigerant into the environment.
Indirectly (through energy consumption) and directly (through the emission of refrigerants into the atmosphere)

52

Medium

What is the greenhouse effect, also known as the greenhouse phenomenon?


The filtering out of solar radiation.
It is the phenomenon of heat being trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere (making it difficult for heat to radiate out of the Earth’s atmosphere).
The absorption of radiation reaching the Earth’s surface.
This is the formation of a layer that traps only the heat generated by the combustion of fuel in aeroplanes.

53

Medium

Which EU regulation is currently the primary piece of legislation governing the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) in the European Union?


Regulation (EU) 2015/1188
Directive 2009/125/EC
Regulation (EU) 2024/573
Regulation (EU) No 517/2014

54

Medium

What is the main objective of Regulation (EU) 2024/573?


To reduce taxes on refrigeration equipment
Standardising metal recycling standards
Prevention of F-gas emissions and the achievement of the EU’s climate targets
To facilitate the import of electrical appliances

55

Medium

What are the obligations of manufacturers of refrigeration appliances in the context of ecodesign, and which regulation governs them?


Manufacturers must comply solely with ISO 9001 standards, without any link to EU regulations
The manufacturer must ensure minimum energy efficiency, reparability and recyclability of equipment, as regulated by Regulation (EU) 2019/2019
Manufacturers are only required to use energy labels, and this is regulated by Regulation (EU) 2024/573
Manufacturers are only required to declare the quantity of F-gas used, in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 517/2014

56

Medium

What is the main objective of the Ecodesign Directive?


To standardise the appearance of products in the EU
To increase sales of electrical appliances in the EU
Reducing the negative environmental impact of products by improving energy efficiency, durability and recyclability
To facilitate the import of products from outside the EU

57

Medium

What is the function of a ball valve in a refrigeration system?


It regulates the temperature of the refrigerant
It prevents excessive pressure build-up in the system
It measures the moisture content of the refrigerant
Enables the refrigerant flow to be completely shut off

58

Medium

How do certain substances or gases contribute to the greenhouse effect?


Certain substances trap the thermal radiation that the Earth should radiate into the atmosphere. In this way, the Earth gradually warms up and the greenhouse effect occurs.
Certain substances limit the impact of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation on the Earth’s surface.
When released into the atmosphere, certain substances cause the air to heat up as a result of reactions with the oxygen and nitrogen contained in the air.
Some substances damage the ozone layer

59

Medium

What is the purpose of the sight glass in a refrigeration system?


To shut off the flow in the event of an emergency
To measure the condenser temperature
To regulate compressor pressure
For visual assessment of the presence of refrigerant and oil, and for monitoring moisture levels

60

Medium

What is the function of the temperature regulator in a refrigeration system?


It drains excess refrigerant into the receiver
It restricts oil flow
Controls the operation of the compressor and valves to maintain the set temperature
To maintain a constant pressure in the compressor

61

Medium

What is the purpose of oil level regulators in a refrigeration system?


They control the pressure in the condenser
They control the evaporator temperature
Maintains the correct oil level in the compressor
They drain off excess refrigerant

62

Medium

What is the function of the refrigerant receiver in the system?


It controls the evaporator temperature
It maintains a constant pressure in the system
Regulates the oil flow
Stores excess refrigerant and facilitates the detection of leaks

63

Medium

What is the role of the manifold thermometer in the refrigeration system?


It monitors the moisture content of the refrigerant
Controls the oil level
Relieves pressure in the system in the event of excessive pressure
Measures the refrigerant temperature at the compressor inlet and outlet, which helps to identify leaks

64

Medium

What is the role of the defrost control valves?


They control the pressure in the compressor
They are used to monitor the moisture content of the refrigerant
They drain off excess oil
Protect the evaporator from excessive icing and reduce the risk of leaks

65

Medium

Where can I find lists detailing fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases)?


In the Regulation of the Minister for the Economy on the introduction of a list of fluorinated greenhouse gases.
In the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer.
In the Act on Ozone-Depleting Substances and Certain Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases.
In Regulation (EU) No 2024/573 of the European Parliament and of the Council

66

Medium

Where can I find the lists specifying controlled substances?


In the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer.
In Regulation (EU) No 2024/590 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
In the current Act on Ozone-Depleting Substances and Certain Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases.
In the Regulation of the Minister for the Environment on the list of controlled substances.

67

Medium

Where and by when should annual reports on ODS and F-gases be submitted?


Reports for the previous year must be submitted by 31 January electronically by completing the special forms available in the central register of operators ‘CRO’.
Reports for the previous year must be submitted by 31 March of the relevant year electronically to the Ministry of the Environment.
Reports must be submitted by the end of the relevant calendar year, using a special form at the regional branch of the Office of Technical Inspection (UDT)
Reports on ODS and F-gases for the previous year must be submitted by 28 February of the following year, via the IT system available in the reports database at the Office for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and Climate (BOWOiK) on the ICHP website.

68

Medium

Which measure has the greatest impact on improving the compressor’s energy efficiency during installation?


Installation without a leak test
Installation without filters
Correctly create a vacuum and remove moisture from the system
Increasing the amount of refrigerant

69

Medium

How does regular monitoring of the oil level affect the compressor’s operation?


It has no effect
Ensures proper lubrication and improves energy efficiency
It reduces cooling capacity
Causes a rise in pressure

70

Medium

How do system leaks affect the compressor’s energy efficiency?


These cause a drop in performance and an increase in energy consumption
They improve efficiency
Have no effect
They lower the operating temperature

71

Medium

Regulation (EC) No 2024/590 relates to:


Ozone-depleting substances.
Health and safety at work during the recovery of refrigerants.
Alternative refrigerants serving as substitutes for fluorinated greenhouse gases.
The conditions for obtaining F-gas certificates by companies carrying out the recovery and reclamation of waste refrigerants.

72

Medium

What is the significance of regulating suction and discharge pressure?


Increases oil consumption
Causes leaks
It has no effect on efficiency
Helps maintain optimal operating conditions for the compressor

73

Medium

What maintenance measure reduces the compressor’s energy consumption?


Regular replacement of filters and dryers
Disabling safety devices
Lack of servicing
Increasing the refrigerant charge

74

Medium

How does the presence of air in the refrigeration system affect performance?


Leads to increased pressure and reduced efficiency
It improves efficiency
It has no effect
Reduces energy consumption

75

Medium

What role do control systems (e.g. regulators) play in compressor efficiency?


It increases the amount of refrigerant
Causes leaks
It doesn’t matter
Enables optimisation of operation and a reduction in energy consumption

76

Medium

How does refrigerant superheat at the compressor suction affect performance?


It always improves performance
Excessive overheating reduces efficiency and increases energy consumption
It only causes a drop in temperature
It has no effect

77

Medium

How does the correct layout of the system affect efficiency?


It causes the temperature to rise
It increases the pressure
Shortens flow paths and reduces energy losses
It doesn’t matter

78

Medium

How important is pipe insulation?


Causes a rise in pressure
It has no effect
Reduces heat loss and improves energy efficiency
It increases energy consumption

79

Medium

Which measure most improves the condenser’s energy efficiency?


Contamination of the heat exchange surface
Restricted airflow
Regular cleaning of heat exchange surfaces
Increasing the amount of refrigerant

80

Medium

How does a dirty condenser affect the operation of the refrigeration system?


It improves efficiency
It lowers the condensing pressure
Causes an increase in pressure and energy consumption by the compressor
It has no effect

81

Medium

Why is adequate airflow through an air-cooled condenser important?


Insufficient airflow reduces efficiency
Ensures effective heat dissipation and improves energy efficiency
Causes a drop in pressure
It doesn’t matter

82

Medium

Which refrigerants cause damage to the ozone layer?


All refrigerants that contain chlorine or bromine in their molecules.
All refrigerants that contain fluorine and hydrogen in their molecules.
All refrigerants that contain carbon in their molecular structure.
All refrigerants that are hydrocarbon derivatives.

83

Medium

How does the presence of limescale in a water-cooled condenser affect performance?


It lowers the condensation temperature
Impairs heat exchange and increases energy consumption
It improves heat transfer
It has no effect

84

Medium

How does correct condensation pressure control affect efficiency?


Causes leaks
Maintains optimum operating conditions and reduces energy consumption
It increases energy consumption
It has no effect

85

Medium

How do condenser leaks affect energy efficiency?


Have no effect
Causes refrigerant loss and a drop in efficiency
They improve efficiency
They lower the temperature

86

Medium

How important is the correct positioning of an air-cooled condenser?


It should be installed in a well-ventilated area with unobstructed airflow
It doesn’t matter
It should be close to heat sources
It should be housed in a small room

87

Medium

How does hot air recirculation affect the condenser?


It reduces the pressure
It improves efficiency
It has no effect
Impairs cooling and increases energy consumption

88

Medium

How does the insulation of central heating and domestic hot water pipework affect the operation of the heat pump’s condenser?


It doesn’t matter
Reduces energy losses and improves the efficiency of the entire system
It increases the pressure
It impairs cooling

89

Medium

Which measure most improves the energy efficiency of the evaporator?


Increasing the amount of refrigerant
Restricted airflow
Regular defrosting of the evaporator
Increasing the condensation temperature

90

Medium

How does evaporator icing affect the system’s operation?


It lowers the condensation temperature
Impairs heat exchange and increases energy consumption
It improves cooling performance
It has no effect

91

Medium

How does dirt on the evaporator surface affect its performance?


It has no effect
It reduces the pressure
It improves efficiency
Impairs heat exchange and increases energy consumption

92

Medium

What maintenance task is crucial for the evaporator?


Lack of maintenance
Reduced airflow
Increasing the refrigerant charge
Regular cleaning and defrosting

93

Medium

What does an F-gas personal certificate (Category A2) authorise?


to repair, maintain or service refrigeration equipment and systems containing controlled substances.
To recover refrigerant from equipment containing less than 3 kg of fluorinated greenhouse gases, or less than 6 kg in the case of hermetically sealed systems.
for the purchase of lubricants and refrigeration oils, and for the testing of safety valves.
to make permanent joints by brazing in systems containing fluorinated greenhouse gases.

94

Medium

How does superheating of the refrigerant at the evaporator outlet affect efficiency?


Excessive superheat reduces energy efficiency
It has no effect
It only causes a drop in temperature
It always improves performance

95

Medium

How do leaks in the evaporator affect efficiency?


Improves performance
Increase capacity
Have no effect
These cause refrigerant loss and a drop in efficiency

96

Medium

How important is correct expansion valve adjustment?


Ensures optimal evaporator charge and improves efficiency
It doesn’t matter
Causes leaks
It increases energy consumption

97

Medium

How does inadequate insulation of the heat transfer circuit pipes affect evaporator performance?


Causes cooling losses and increased energy consumption
It has no effect
It improves efficiency
It lowers the condensation temperature

98

Medium

How does correct TEV valve adjustment affect the system’s energy efficiency?


Causes leaks
It increases energy consumption
Ensures optimum superheat and improves system efficiency
It has no effect

99

Medium

What happens if the superheat set by the TEV is too high?


Cooling efficiency will improve
It has no effect
The refrigerant charge will increase
Efficiency will drop because the evaporator is not being fully utilised

100

Medium

How does a low superheat setting on the TEV affect performance?


It may lead to improved efficiency, but it increases the risk of the compressor becoming flooded with liquid
It reduces refrigerant flow
It has no effect
It increases operational safety

101

Medium

How do contaminants in the system affect the operation of the TEV?


They improve its performance
They can cause it to become blocked and reduce efficiency
They lower the temperature
Have no effect

102

Medium

What role does the filter-drier play in terms of system efficiency?


It doesn’t matter
Removes moisture and contaminants, improving the system’s efficiency
It increases the amount of refrigerant
It lowers the temperature

103

Medium

How does proper insulation of components (e.g. pipes near the TEV) affect the system?


It increases energy consumption
Prevents unwanted heat gains and improves efficiency
It doesn’t matter
It causes leaks

104

Medium

What does Regulation (EU) No 2024/573 of the European Parliament and of the Council cover?


The Regulation sets out requirements relating to brazing of refrigeration systems.
The Regulation concerns gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect.
The Regulation concerns leak testing of stationary refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases. The Regulation sets out the requirements relating to leak testing of such equipment.
The Regulation sets out health and safety requirements for soldering work.

105

Medium

How important is it to check the operation of the condensing pressure control valve in the system?


Ensures operation within the optimum pressure range and reduces energy losses
It has no effect
It causes a significant rise in temperature
It increases energy consumption

106

Medium

How does the correct selection of a TEV affect energy efficiency?


Ensures the system is matched to its capacity and operates optimally
It lowers the temperature
It increases the amount of refrigerant
It doesn’t matter

107

Medium

What is the main design difference in hydrocarbon-based refrigeration systems?


No need for safety measures
Higher operating pressures
Lower energy efficiency
The need for explosion-proof measures due to the flammability of the refrigerant

108

Medium

What differences are there in the compressors used in hydrocarbon systems?


They do not require lubrication
No differences
They must operate at higher pressures
They must be designed to operate with flammable refrigerants (e.g. hermetic compressors)

109

Medium

How can one check whether the system has been overcharged with refrigerant?


The compressor will operate under a lower load and the suction pressure will decrease
The refrigeration system is overcharged with refrigerant whilst in operation, and even under a very small heat load, frost forms on the suction side of the compressor
This cannot be checked with sufficient reliability, as the sight glass is not designed for this purpose.
Under normal conditions, there is a marked increase in condensing pressure because an excessive amount of refrigerant accumulates in the condenser, reducing the heat exchange surface area within it.

110

Medium

Before charging the refrigeration unit with refrigerant, it is essential to…


carry out a leak test.
carry out a start-up test.
complete the unit’s data sheet.
check the compressor’s suction and discharge connections.

111

Medium

What information must appear on the unit’s label?


Markings regarding the weight and capacity of the pipework, together with the colour code and chemical composition of the paints used to coat the frame and casing.
The manufacturer’s logo and the weight of the unit.
Among other things: information stating that the unit contains a fluorinated greenhouse gas, together with the industrial designation of the gas or its chemical name, the mass of the gas and its CO₂ equivalent
It does not matter what should be included on the device label.

112

Medium

What is the base unit of temperature according to the International System of Units (Système International d’Unités)?


K
°R
°F
°C

113

Medium

Which of the following are the most important pieces of information that should be included in the unit’s data sheet:


Operator details, unit details, type and quantity of refrigerant, information regarding servicing and repairs.
The owner, installer and service technician of the unit.
The make and model of the unit, so that the manufacturer can be contacted to obtain the technical information necessary for servicing.
Information regarding refrigerant recovery and unit dismantling.

114

Medium

Who is responsible for drawing up the equipment or installation record?


The equipment maintenance technician.
There is no such obligation.
The operator of the unit or system.
The person responsible for risk assessment.

115

Medium

Oil traps on the suction pipework are required:


always before any rise in the pipeline.
before the compressor.
at the inlet to each component of the refrigeration system.
before the safety valve.

116

Medium

When is there a refrigerant leak, even though the compressor is still running?


When the sight glass is full of liquid refrigerant and we observe a rise in the oil level in the compressor sump.
When we observe a rise in the refrigerant level in the liquid receiver and the subcooling increases.
When the condensing pressure and suction pressure rise, but there is no superheat.
When the suction pressure is low, superheat is high, subcooling is negligible and the temperature difference between the condenser and the expansion valve is small.

117

Medium

Which components of a refrigeration system can be classified as potential leak points (leaks) subject to regular leak tests?


All parts of the refrigeration unit that are connected to the suction side of the refrigeration system.
Hermetic compressors, liquid refrigerant tanks and liquid separators.
Parts of the system located on the high-pressure side (from the compressor up to and including the expansion valve).
Fittings, valves including their stems, seals – including those in replaceable filters and dryers, components exposed to vibration, and connections to measuring, control and safety devices.

118

Medium

What is the test pressure during the pressure leak test of the unit?


The test pressure (maximum) is 30 bar.
The test pressure for leak testing is equivalent to the maximum operating pressure measured during the operation of the refrigeration unit.
The test pressure is determined by the person carrying out the leak test based on their experience.
According to the PN-EN 378 standard, at least 0.25 times the maximum permissible pressure for the system (PS).

119

Medium

In which part of the refrigeration unit must the recommended leak test be carried out?


The check must be carried out on all parts of the refrigeration system that are connected to the discharge side of the refrigeration circuit.
The test must be carried out on the compressor shut-off valves, solenoid valves and filters.
The check should only be carried out at the connection points for measuring instruments (pressure switches, pressure gauges, temperature sensors).
The test must be carried out at all points on the refrigeration unit where there is a potential risk of refrigerant leakage.

120

Medium

When can a given unit be considered perfectly leak-tight?


A given device can be considered perfectly leak-tight when the pressure drop during the test does not exceed 0.1 bar.
A device can be considered perfectly leak-tight if gas bubbles appear when it is submerged in water.
The device in question is perfectly leak-tight when we have carried out a check using a permanently installed electronic detector.
A given unit can be considered perfectly leak-tight if, during a leak test, the pressure remains constant, taking into account pressure changes caused by temperature variations. Any drop in pressure indicates a leak and requires the location of the leak to be identified.

121

Medium

What does EU Regulation 1516/2007 cover?


The Regulation sets out requirements relating to brazing of refrigeration systems.
The Regulation sets out health and safety requirements for soldering work.
The Regulation concerns leak testing of stationary refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases. The Regulation sets out the requirements for leak testing of such equipment.
The Regulation addresses the disposal of gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect.

122

Medium

How should the pressure be increased during a pressure leak test?


We increase the pressure at a rate of 10 bar/s.
We increase the pressure in any way.
We increase the pressure gradually whilst checking for leaks, until the test pressure is reached, at a rate of no more than 2 bar/min
We increase the pressure as quickly as possible.

123

Medium

What electronic equipment should be used to carry out leak testing?


Only with devices fitted with an ‘Ion Pump’ sensor.
Only with devices fitted with hot cathodes.
Only with devices fitted with an infrared detector.
Only using devices with verified measurement sensitivity.

124

Medium

What documentation should be checked before starting a leak test?


Check the time sheets of the staff responsible for the machinery/equipment.
Check the stock ledger (accounts).
Check the operating instructions for the machine/equipment.
The maintenance log and the machine/device operating instructions must be checked.

125

Medium

What information must be recorded when drawing up the leak test report?


The date of the inspection, a record of the occurrence of the leak, and a signature.
The date of the inspection, the number of faults (leaks), the location of the faults (leaks), the proposed method of rectifying the fault/defect (leak), attached documents and a signature.
The number of locations where leaks have occurred and the date of the inspection.
The method used to carry out the leak test, the number of faults, the method of repairing the faults, the time taken to work on the installation, and the cost of the repair.

126

Medium

What pressure values should be used for the pressure leak test?


The pressure value for the leak test is 10–12 bar.
Use a pressure not exceeding the maximum permissible pressure for the system (PS).
The pressure for the leak test is 2–3 bar.
At the discretion of the person authorised to carry out the pressure test.

127

Medium

What is temperature slip?


It involves an increase in temperature.
A specific temperature cannot be assigned to a given vapour pressure. There is a temperature difference between the start and end of evaporation.
A specific temperature corresponds to a given vapour pressure.
It involves a decrease in temperature.

128

Medium

In which appliances and systems is the installation of a permanent leak detection system required?


In equipment and systems containing at least 500 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
In equipment and systems containing at least 50 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
In equipment and installations containing at least 30 kg of fluorinated greenhouse gases.
In equipment and systems containing at least 5 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.

129

Medium

Which category of F-gas certificate (A1, A2, B, C, D, E) authorises the performance of leak tests on refrigeration equipment:


All except category D.
Categories D and E.
Category E only.
Only categories A1 and A2.

130

Medium

Why is it advisable to subcool the liquid refrigerant?


This is advisable because it allows a smaller condenser to be used (smaller heat exchange surface area).
This is advisable because it allows a smaller evaporator to be used (lower refrigerant temperature at the evaporator inlet).
This is advisable because it ensures that the liquid refrigerant, free of vapour bubbles, enters the expansion valve.
This is advisable because it allows a smaller expansion valve to be used (less superheat at the valve).

131

Medium

What should be done following repairs to a leak in the refrigeration unit of a refrigerated trailer?


You must enter the details into the equipment log (including the quantities of refrigerant recovered and used) and inform the Operator that an additional leak test must be carried out by a certified person within one month of the repair.
A visual inspection should be carried out only on bolted and soldered joints.
The unit must be charged with an alternative refrigerant, started up, and the refrigerant parameters checked at the service valve located on the liquid receiver.
An invoice for the service work carried out must be issued as soon as possible.

132

Medium

Recovery of fluorinated greenhouse gases means:


The final decommissioning and withdrawal from service or use of a product or piece of equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases.
The collection and storage of fluorinated greenhouse gases originating, for example, from machinery, equipment and containers.
The reuse of fluorinated greenhouse gases following a basic purification process.
The reprocessing of fluorinated greenhouse gases to achieve their specified standard properties.

133

Medium

Who is authorised to recover refrigerant from stationary refrigeration equipment:


The administrator of the operator’s account.
A service technician holding an F-gas certificate in the relevant category.
The owner of the installation.
The operator.

134

Medium

Recovered refrigerants must be stored:


In any used refrigerant cylinder.
In a cylinder that previously contained the same type of refrigerant.
In a specially adapted and labelled cylinder fitted with a two-way valve.
In any pressure vessel that has been officially certified.

135

Medium

When should the recovery of fluorinated greenhouse gases be carried out:


Always during servicing and maintenance of equipment.
Before each leak test of the equipment.
Before the final disposal of equipment and, where applicable, during its servicing and maintenance.
Only prior to the final disposal of equipment.

136

Medium

What should be done if the refrigerant recovered from the system is contaminated, e.g. with acid, air or moisture?


Add a special contaminant neutraliser to the mixture.
Purify the mixture by passing it through a particulate filter and reuse it.
Such a mixture must be handed over to a specialist authorised company for regeneration or disposal.
You should attempt to purify the mixture yourself using a dehydrating filter.

137

Medium

What should be done if different types of refrigerants become mixed in a storage cylinder (container)?


Send this mixture to a specialist authorised company to have it neutralised.
The mixture should be purified by passing it through a filter-drain and reused.
You should attempt to separate the mixture into its individual components.
Add a special refrigerant to the mixture.

138

Medium

How does refrigerant recovery using the Push-Pull method work?


This involves injecting nitrogen from the cylinder into the unit and expelling the liquid refrigerant from the unit.
It involves using a recovery unit to draw (pull) the refrigerant vapour from the cylinder and then force it (push) into the low-pressure side of the system.
This involves the refrigerant being alternately drawn from the suction side and then from the discharge side of the refrigeration unit (compressor).
This involves using a suction device (compressor) to ensure that the refrigerant, in liquid form, is transferred into the cylinder.

139

Medium

What are the methods for managing waste refrigerant?


Recycling, regeneration, disposal.
Recovery, disposal.
Disposal, storage.
Regeneration, recovery.

140

Medium

The most advantageous method of managing waste refrigerant is:


Storage.
Disposal.
Recycling.
Regeneration.

141

Medium

The lower the evaporation temperature, ...


…the greater the density of the refrigerant and the lower the mass flow rate of the refrigerant.
...the lower the refrigerant density, and the greater the cooling capacity of the compressor.
...the lower the density of the refrigerant and the lower the mass of the flowing refrigerant.
...the greater the density of the refrigerant and the mass flow rate of the flowing refrigerant.

142

Medium

How should pressure vessels (e.g. refrigerant cylinders) be marked?


It is irrelevant how pressure vessels should be marked.
They should bear, amongst other things, information such as: the number of the standard applied to their design, construction and testing; the identification marks of the country of approval and the inspection body; the date of the acceptance test; and the manufacturer’s and operational marks.
They should bear only markings relating to weight and capacity.
They should bear the manufacturer’s logo and the date of manufacture.

143

Medium

The recovery of refrigerants does not require the use of:


Hoses with shut-off valves.
A refrigerant recovery station.
Scales with a measurement range suitable for the size of the cylinder being filled.
An electronic leak detector.

144

Medium

What functions does the compressor perform in a refrigeration system?


The compressor compresses ambient air and increases the pressure of the refrigerant.
The compressor creates a vacuum on the suction side of the system
The compressor condenses the refrigerant.
The compressor draws in refrigerant vapour from the evaporator, compresses it, and then forces it into the condenser, raising the pressure to the required condensing pressure.

145

Medium

What is compressor flooding?


A large amount of liquid refrigerant in the evaporator.
Flooding of the compressor due to rainfall.
Suction of liquid refrigerant into the compressor’s suction line.
Flooding the compression chamber with liquid refrigerant or oil.

146

Medium

To what extent do we regulate the compressor motor’s rotational speed when using a frequency converter?


From approximately 30% to 90% of capacity.
Approximately from 30 to 75 Hz, which corresponds to around 60% to 150% of the cooling capacity.
Regulating the compressor motor speed is not the same as regulating the cooling capacity.
Up to a maximum of 10 per cent.

147

Medium

Why is it essential to observe the correct phase sequence for scroll compressors and screw compressors?


Because these types of compressors are sensitive to voltage drops.
Because the motor speed would decrease, and consequently the compressor’s capacity.
Because this type of compressor has difficulty starting up if the phase sequence is changed.
Because changing the phase sequence would reverse the direction of rotation of the compressor rotors, which could result in damage to the compressors.

148

Medium

The cycle of a two-stage vapour-compression refrigeration system should have, in each stage of the system:


a compression ratio of less than 8.
a compression ratio of less than 18.
a compression ratio of less than 6
a compression ratio greater than 8.

149

Medium

Why is it necessary to seal the shafts in gland-sealed refrigeration compressors?


Because it prevents oil leakage.
Because it ensures the bearing remains lubricated.
Because we need to prevent air from entering the compressor and we need to prevent refrigerant from leaking from the compressor.
Because it protects the compressor’s crankshaft bearing.

150

Medium

When is the refrigerant sufficiently cooled?


When no vapour bubbles are observed forming in the liquid sight glass.
When the liquid distributors are warm.
When the outlet from the condenser is cold.
When the evaporator is covered in frost.

151

Medium

Why should the compressor crankcase be heated?


Heating prevents the refrigerant from dissolving in the oil.
Heating keeps the lubricating oil in a liquid state.
Heating ensures that the lubricating oil is de-watered.
Heating improves the dissolution of the refrigerant in the oil, which is beneficial for its viscosity.

152

Medium

What are compressor sets?


These are units consisting of two-stage compressors.
These are multiple (several) air-cooled condensers.
These are sets comprising several compressors connected in any configuration.
These consist of a larger number (several) of compressors connected in parallel and mounted on a common frame.

153

Medium

What are the advantages of compressor units?


Easy modification of the system.
The ability to adjust the cooling capacity as required.
Space-saving and lower energy consumption.
These are inexpensive and easy-to-install units.

154

Medium

What do we mean by the ‘application range’ of a compressor?


By this term, we mean the following parameters: compressor capacity, type of refrigerant, and the compressor’s geometric dimensions.
By this term, we mean the following parameters: the evaporation and condensation temperatures (to and tk), or the pressure values that determine the compressor’s application.
By this term, we mean that the compressor’s operating range is determined by the evaporation temperature ‘to’ during operation.
By this term, we mean that the compressor’s application range is determined by the evaporation temperature ‘to’ at a given ambient temperature.

155

Medium

What are the basic functions of oil in a compressor?


The oil lubricates both the bearings and the sliding surfaces of the compressor components, and cools the compressor by transferring the heat generated during compression to the compressor’s outer casing.
The oil absorbs moisture from the refrigerant that enters the compressor.
The oil seals any leaks that develop in the system.
The oil seals the gap between the piston and the cylinder.

156

Medium

What are the most effective ways of regulating the compressor’s cooling capacity?


Using an expansion valve.
By changing the compressor’s displacement, by varying the rotational speed, or by deactivating individual cylinders.
By partially covering the evaporator to reduce the heat exchange surface area.
By means of pressure control valves.

157

Medium

What does compressor bypass control involve?


High-pressure liquid refrigerant is injected on the suction side of the compressor.
The bypass control is not used to regulate the compressor.
Hot, high-pressure refrigerant vapour is drawn in on the suction side of the compressor.
Refrigerant in the form of cooled, high-pressure vapour is introduced into the suction line.

158

Medium

What is the fundamental difference between hermetic and semi-hermetic compressors?


The casing of semi-hermetic compressors can be dismantled, whereas the casing of hermetic compressors cannot be dismantled.
Both types of compressors are disassemblable, and the difference lies in their varying capacities.
The housing of a hermetic compressor and the compressor itself form a single unit.
Semi-hermetic compressors are characterised by the quiet operation of the entire unit.

159

Medium

How does a scroll compressor work?


It is a device fitted with two spirals. It is a type of positive displacement (volumetric) compressor in which compression takes place through the interaction of the two spirals.
It uses two screws to compress the refrigerant.
A scroll compressor is also known as a turbo compressor.
It is a type of piston-type device.

160

Medium

What physical process takes place in the evaporator?


It causes the refrigerant flowing through it to condense.
It cools the refrigerant flowing through it.
The liquid refrigerant evaporates and a small amount of it becomes superheated.
The medium flowing through the evaporator (glycol, water) evaporates, whilst the refrigerant condenses.

161

Medium

What is the purpose of regulating the compressor’s capacity?


Capacity control protects the compressor from low thermal loads.
It ensures adequate lubrication of the compressor.
It ensures that the cooling capacity is adjusted based on condensing temperatures.
It allows the cooling capacity to be adjusted to meet requirements.

162

Medium

Why is inverter speed control suitable for refrigeration compressors?


Inverter speed control can be used with any type of compressor to ensure adequate lubrication.
Inverter speed control enables continuous, smooth regulation of cooling capacity.
By reducing the speed of the refrigeration compressor motor, inverter speed control improves the return oil flow to the compressor.
Inverter speed control reduces energy consumption only under natural conditions.

163

Medium

Does the suction gas temperature affect the cooling capacity of the compressor?


It has a significant effect on performance.
It does, but only for reciprocating compressors.
It does, but only if the gas is deeply cooled.
Temperature has no effect on the compressor’s cooling capacity.

164

Medium

In the case of compressor units fitted with an oil level control system, is it necessary to install the compressors at the same height?


Only scroll compressors.
Yes.
No.
Only screw compressors.

165

Medium

What functions does a compressor powered by the vehicle’s engine perform in a transport refrigeration system?


The compressor compresses ambient air and increases the pressure of the refrigerant.
This compressor creates a vacuum on the suction side of the system whilst the vehicle’s engine is switched off.
This compressor condenses the refrigerant whilst the vehicle is in motion.
This compressor draws in refrigerant vapour from the evaporator, compresses it and then forces it into the condenser whilst the vehicle’s engine is running.

166

Medium

Which natural fluids absorb heat from the refrigerant in the condenser?


Air and CO2.
Water or air.
Water and an antifreeze mixture.
Ammonia

167

Medium

What is the function of the condenser in refrigeration systems?


Heat from the compressor is then released into the environment via the condenser.
The heat absorbed in the evaporator is then released into the environment via the condenser
Heat released in the regenerative heat exchanger is absorbed by the condenser.
The heat absorbed in the evaporator and transferred during the compression process is then released into the environment via the condenser.

168

Medium

If the condensation temperature is higher than the critical point temperature of the refrigerant, condensation:


temperature has no effect on condensation.
will occur provided a specially designed condenser is used.
will not occur.
will always occur regardless of the temperature.

169

Medium

How does the subcooling of the refrigerant take place within a refrigeration system?


Subcooling using an additional heat exchanger and liquid nitrogen.
Subcooling of the refrigerant using oil (dissolving the refrigerant in oil).
Subcooling using high-pressure hot vapour.
Subcooling of the liquid refrigerant in the final section of the condenser.

170

Medium

What is the purpose of controlling the condenser fan speed?


Condenser fan speed control reduces energy efficiency.
Condenser fan speed control safeguards against the maximum permissible condensing pressure.
Dispersion of the refrigerant in the event of a system leak.
Condenser fan speed control ensures that the condensing pressure is maintained at the correct level.